Ingrown toenails occur when the edge of a toenail grows into the surrounding skin, leading to pain, redness, and swelling. This condition commonly affects the big toe but can occur on other toes as well. An ingrown toenail, or onychocryptosis, develops when the nail grows into the soft tissue rather than outward, causing inflammation and potential infection. Common causes include improper nail trimming, where nails are cut too short or rounded at the edges, leading to abnormal growth. Tight-fitting shoes or socks that exert pressure on the toes can also contribute to the problem. Other factors include genetic predisposition, as some people have toenails that naturally curve inward, and foot trauma or injury that disturbs normal nail growth.
Treatment for ingrown toenails aims to alleviate symptoms and address the underlying cause. Mild cases can often be managed at home by soaking the affected foot in warm, soapy water to reduce swelling and pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help with discomfort, and placing a small piece of cotton or dental floss under the nail edge can gently lift it away from the skin. Proper nail trimming techniques and wearing well-fitting shoes can prevent recurrence. For more severe cases or persistent infections, professional treatment may be necessary. A healthcare provider might perform a minor procedure to remove part of the toenail or the entire nail, and in some cases, a chemical or surgical method may be used to prevent the nail from growing back into the skin. Maintaining good foot hygiene and proper nail care are essential for preventing ingrown toenails and ensuring healthy toenail growth.
